Causes of Macbeths Downfall - 1445 Words

Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument to Macbeths’ ambition to become king, continuously pressuring him, when he fears he has gone too in his schemes for greatness. We can definitely see a well – regarded and loyal soldier of the Scottish army change to a murderous tyrant. His downfall†¦show more content†¦As the lead up to the event of King Duncan’s murder Lady Macbeth tricks Macbeth into killing Duncan by using her cunning and complicated words. She makes Macbeth think that he has to kill Duncan for his benefit. Lady Macbeth deceives him into think ing that only he would gain more power, and it wouldn t benefit her. Lady Macbeth counters Macbeths’ arguments by saying that he needs to muster up all of his courage, and just follow here directions. Lady Macbeth plans the murder strategies, and influences Macbeth to go along with her strategy. Macbeth doesn t want to kill a good king for his own ambitions, but is persuaded to do it. From Lady Macbeth persuading him to kill Duncan, the first evil act he commits, he is drawn into believing the witches’ prophecies, and takes action to make them come true. Through various quotes by Lady Macbeth, it is evident to say that with each other by their sides, was a negative influence to the lead up of Macbeths’ downfall. Lady Macbeth blames her husband for lacking the courage to do the deed, and because Macbeth is a warrior above everything else, her comments manipulate him a good deal. Indeed, manliness is an idea the play interrogates in various ways, such as when Macb eth says I dare do all that may become a man who dares do more is none (1.7.46-47). This is the belief that his wife use against him: When you durst doShow MoreRelatedMacbeth- Text Responce918 Words   |  4 PagesPrompt: â€Å"Macbeth is totally responsible for his own downfall† Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’ is about the leading male protagonist succumbing to his ambition and need for power. Though Macbeth is liable for his own actions, he is not solely responsible for the events that eventually result in his downfall. Macbeth is corrupted by his wife, Lady Macbeth, as well as the three weird sisters. Macbeth’s contribution towards his downfall is his strong ambitious nature. Lady Macbeth is the person who inducesRead MoreGerald Deocariza Iii. Mrs. Jardine. English 3, Period 4.1161 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome tragic heroes, who destine for a serious downfall and set as the protagonists of a dramatic tragedy. A tragic hero gets For example, William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Tragedy of Macbeth to show Macbeth’s uprisings and downfalls. Macbeth’s downfall results to wrong judgements that combines fate and external forces. If his downfalls does not kill him, his downfalls can cause the tragic hero to suffer for the rest of his life. Macbeth gains the utmost respect from other people; on theRead More The Character Flaws of Macbeth Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character Flaws of Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Since The Tragedy of Macbeth was written there has been speculation about the cause of Macbeths downfall.   Readers ponder whether Macbeths fall was caused by a flaw in his character, Lady Macbeth, or an outside force of evil.   Although the witches set a certain mood and Lady Macbeth exerts a certain influence on him, Macbeths downfall is caused by his own character.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeths tragic flaw in character was the paradoxical pairing of his ambitionRead MoreCause Of Macbeths Downfall955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of Macbeths Downfall Essay (English Yearly) INTRODUCTION {DON’T HAVE TOO MANY FACTS IN INTRODUCTION ANAYLISE MORE USING THE FIRST SECTIONS OF EACH PARAGRAPH} Macbeth is a powerful and emotionally intense play. As an audience, we see how a well-regarded and loyal soldier change to a murderous tyrant. Lady Macbeth continuously pressures Macbeth, when he fears he has gone too far, playing a major role in his downfall. It is his ambition, along with the influence of his wife and the strainRead More Aristotles Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples1044 Words   |  5 PagesAristotles Tragic Hero in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle and Shakespeare lived ages apart, but Aristotle had a great affect on Shakespeares plays. In Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth, the character of Macbeth is consistent with Aristotles definition of the tragic hero.    Aristotles tragic hero is a man who is characterized by good and evil. He is a mixture of good characteristics and bad characteristics. For example, Macbeth was an honorable Thane of Glamis. He was a valiant fighterRead MoreMacbeths Downfall1691 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeths Downfall In the beginning of the play Macbeth, Macbeth is a successful and noble Thane of Glamis. The witches tell Macbeth prophecies that guide him to his downfall, but in the end it was his own selfish decisions that caused his demise. The other person that is blamed for Macbeth’s destruction was his wife Lady Macbeth because she was able to manipulate and control his self-esteem by playing with his courage and bravery. However, Macbeth was only guided by his wife; he chose to play outRead MoreMacbeth As A Good Man Led Astray1208 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Macbeth is basically a good man led astray. † Discuss - Trevin Wadugodapitiya, 10D (WET) BB5 In the tragedy Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s downfall was one of much significance, showing the renaissance audience what happens when you go against the Great Chain of Being, and strive for more than what you are given. Even though Macbeth was the one who put himself in that position through greed and paranoia in his actions, his downfall was of sharedRead MoreThe Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Timothy Leary once said, Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition (Peters 175). But is this true in the case of the classic play Macbeth? In Macbeth it seems to be, that Macbeth the protagonist of the play is influence by Lady Macbeths ambition. Could this be an exception or was Lady Macbeth lying when she ask to be equal to a man so she could commit the murder (1.5.33.45-61). To understand one must look deeply into theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Five Tragedies1293 Words   |  6 Pagesof, Macbeth, is the utterly sheer shift in Macbeth s personality throughout the piece. It is commonly debated that the rapidly altering deposition of Macbeth had since served as the underlying facets and influences behind his ultimate collapse. However, Arthur Kirsch, Writer of â€Å"Macbeth’s Suicide,† insists that perhaps Macbeth did not develop a sense of insanity, but he was murdering out of confidence in his future. On the other hand, In Miguel Bernad Arti cle, â€Å"The Five Tragedies in Macbeth†, BernardRead MoreThe Downside of Ambition Explored in Macbeth 1245 Words   |  5 Pages Macbeth is a play written by Shakespeare that is set in eleventh century Scotland. It details the life of the Macbeth, a brave and noble man who is described as ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’ (1.3.54), specifically the events after he meets three supernatural creatures who tell him about his fate. The reader should see Macbeth as a great man whose ambition for security leads to his downfall. Ambitions and manipulation from his wife cause him to commit Duncan’s murder, but this particular murder does not

Criminal Thinking Patterns free essay sample

Loyalty means respect and competence pertaining o a certain degree of trust and allegiance to an organization or personal lifestyles one might be involved in. Emotions and stereotypical thoughts have a major role in the play called loyalty. Loyalty and emotions have similarities just because of the fact an individual has to have some form of feeling towards a person or they will never be able to be loyal. What is the meaning of being loyal? Loyalty is defined by the person giving the meaning of its definition. Google definition of loyalty is true to a certain extent, but there is still something missing. The quality of being loyal should exist in everyone. Everyone or a particular breed has the quality of being loyal. Definitions seem to captivate everyones minds into believing the term or definition is true just because it has a reliable source. Sources are undoubtedly opinions from scholars; opinions arouse from persons experience to inform people about such terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Thinking Patterns or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the term loyalty is true as it is supposed to be it might as well be self-explanatory.Loyalty s a word that consists of trust, faith, allegiance, and love. Without those four terms loyalty doesnt exists. The quality of being loyal all depends on the people that may think of these terms. Imagine two couples that have undeniable trust for each other with stipulations which are to be loyal forever, one runs off to meet another Individual she might have attractions for, the other partner finds out about It so the partner feels like she is not being loyal.The reason for that Is because he feels like he Is only supposed to be attracted to him, but she feels differently because she feels that she hasnt cheated on him. These are two couples with two deferent definitions pertaining to loyalty. Emotions and stereotypical thought has everything to do with loyalty. Emotions give an Individual trust and fear which are needed so one can attain the ability to be loyal. Without trust for an Individual, people will never be able to give their complete trust and loyalty especially when the Individual wants the same respect.Stereotypical thoughts pertaining to the term loyalty will give an individual a lesser understanding of the term loyalty mainly because stereotypical people tend to have their own opinions about everything which isnt wrong but it justifies the statement. Everyone has their own definition of loyalty. Furthermore, themselves? Loyalties are moreover something genuine and sacred people or an organization tends to have. Loyalty consists of trust, love, and respect. Everyone has the ability to be loyal as long as it has true meaning.

To What Extent Did the Plo Represent a Shift in Terrorist Activity free essay sample

Firstly, it was the first hijacking where its purpose was not to divert the plane but to make a bold political statement. El Al was Israel’s national airline and was a symbol of the Israeli state. The hijacking also the forced the state to directly deal with the terrorists. Second, the hijacking influenced people on an international scale. The fact that the terrorists were intending to trade hostages for imprisoned Palestinian terrorists in Israel was shocking to the wider audience watching this. In addition, it was the first time a terrorist organization began operating regularly at the international level, leaving its home turf to attack citizens of a foreign country who, in many cases, had nothing to do with their struggle in order to promote their political cause before an international audience. Finally though the combination of dramatic political statement, symbolic targeting and crisis induced de facto recognition, the terrorists recognized they had the power to create major media events. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Did the Plo Represent a Shift in Terrorist Activity? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was significant in that they realized media attention meant power. This was the first time they were being heard by the world and that their cause was being sympathized with, which was a great stepping stone for resolving their problems. â€Å"When we hijack a plane it has more it has more effect than if we killed a hundred Israelis in battle,†. This encouraged other terrorist groups such as the ASALA, the JCAG and left-wing groups such as the German Red Army Faction to â€Å"internationalize† their political struggles. This showed the shift in terrorism from older previous terrorist groups. Terrorist groups such as the People’s will acted on â€Å"propaganda by deed† and thought committing acts of tyrannacide would attract public attention and ultimately weaken the state giving them a chance to attack. This was not so much different from the PLO’s actions in that they also wanted attention to their cause showing the process of a slow evolution of terrorism. By killing the head of state the media would attract people and spread propaganda, similar to the objectives of the PLO. However, the difference between the two terrorist groups was the PLO realized involving random innocent parties would infringe more terror upon the people thus causing a psychological effect where the individual has his own safety on mind as well as the terrorist group. The first several hijackings accomplished more for our cause than twenty years of pleading at the UN. This illustrated that involving innocent people had caused the world to awake and this turning point gave terrorism an international stage. Terrorism had evolved such that modern day terror was influenced by the likes of the IRA and FLN. The Irish nationalist cause through many years of violence against their British colonizers was finally recognized and they were given their independence through acts of destruction as well as political recognition later on something the PLO also followed which suggests a process of evolution was happening. The primary tactics used by the FLN, IRA and PLO were similar in that they involved hijackings, kidnappings, and embassy raids with the intention to obtaining publicity. Although the PLO used slightly different tactics in that they gained ransoms and imprisoned political figures of power exchanged for hostages; which is a prime example of the evolution of terrorism. Such terrorists blackmail forced governments to respond accordingly. While acts of terrorism at this time killed relatively few people, such publicity stunts put tremendous pressure on governments to respond responsibly since a wrong decision during a hostage crisis could have disastrous consequences and the blame was likely to land on the government. An example of this was the German response to the attack on Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich on September 5, 1972: eleven Israeli athletes (and eight members of the Palestinian Black September) were killed after a hostage standoff that ended in a shootout. While the West German government was not the primary target of the attack, the scene of crime was on German soil and the government was forced to act. This was an eye-opener as not only Germany but many other governments realized how insufficient their response capabilities were. . This clearly shows that terrorism was a process of evolution because previously groups such as the People’s will and the IRA were less likely to involve innocent citizens, whereas more recent terrorist groups were more willing. They saw the deaths of innocent civilians as martyrs in their cause. Although terrorism was a process of evolution there were differences that showed a shift in terrorism an example would be the IRA was given weapons and money to assist in their struggle. Independently wealthy individuals could also provide them with support. With the terrorists need for support, terrorism became a completely political effort and therefore it became a tool for political means. In this case media coverage may have been helpful in their success, but it was not needed as much as the raw resources required for warfare. The media would instead have its uses in recruitment and was more essential for groups like the PLO which suggests a radical shift in terrorism. It is clear from past events the year 1968 was in fact a watershed year but we cannot dismiss the fact that there are many similarities between previous terrorist groups and the PLO which shows evidently there is an evolution of terrorism. The PLO was influenced by groups like the FLN and IRA in that they shared similar tactics but the process of evolution had transformed the speed and ease of publicity. An example would be technological advances which made it easier for people to be aware of major terrorist activity. It is clear that the hijacking of 1968 enlightened many terrorist groups of pivotal factors in succeeding in objectives; such as creating major media events, symbolic targeting and international attention. This in turn influenced groups such as JACG and ASLA, which shows the importance of 1968 and the shift it caused in terrorist activity.

Narrative essay Essay Example

Narrative essay Essay Example Narrative essay Essay Narrative essay Essay The pounding of the door awakened me in the dead of the night. Distinctive voices were calling through the door. I lay in my bed quietly as I heard the footsteps of my mother in the hallway. Lights went a blazing, lighting her way, some spilling into our room. Then I heard a door open and more feet shuffling into our quiet home. Police, said an unknown voice, so loud and so clear. Put your hands up in the air and get down on the floor. My mother moved to obey the order. More feet were moving about. Voices were talking above voices. Someone asked my mother a question. As I listened, I heard the fear in her response and the frustrations in the other. Doors were opened, and then shut closed. Footsteps trekked throughout the house, as if they were looking for something or someone. I heard voices talking, but I didnt understand what was being said, all I knew was that I was scared and curious. My curiosity got the better of me and I moved to get up. My older sister, Chile, grabbed my hand. Dont move, she whispered. I asked her, what was going on. She responded, I dont know. Go back to sleep. I lay back onto our bed, but I didnt sleep. Instead, I thought about my mom. What must she be going through? Who were these people? Minutes seemed to pass by with nothing happening in the other room, but talking amongst them. I couldnt Just lay here and not do anything, I thought to myself. I have to do something. They might hurt her. With wild imaginations churning into my mind, I decided I needed to face them and my imaginations. I untangled my hand from my sister and slowly got up. With the little light spilled underneath our door, I turned my head towards my sister. Her eyes were opened and tears streamed down. Im scare, she whispered. I plied, I was too, but I wanted to know what was going on. Ill go with you, she said, moving quietly about the bed into the next one where my two oldest sisters were sleeping. She shook them, but they were awake and listening to the noises in the other room. They both got up and sat on the bed. Whats going on? I asked the Jessica. Being the oldest, she had a better understanding of the situation. Theyre looking for Jeff and Johnny, she said, referring to my two oldest brothers. Why? Chile asked. They did something stupid, she responded. What did they do this time? my other sister, Amber, asked. I dont know, Jessica said, but lets go back to sleep. What about mom? Chile asked. They wont hurt her, Amber answered. They Just want Jeff and Johnny. Deciding that was the end, Jessica and Amber laid back down onto their bed. Chile and I looked at each other. She shrugged her shoulders, and then went back to bed. Being indecisive, I sat on the bed. What seemed like hours, only took seconds, as I got up. Three heads turned my way. l need to use the bathroom, I told them. Me too, Chile said. Jessica and Amber reluctantly got up. Well go together, they said. They were as curious as I was. And not one of us needed the bathroom. With a racing heart, I hallway and saw figures walking around. They were all dressed in black; black beanies, black shirts, black pants, black shoes. Most wore vests with SWAT written across in bold letters. Some wore their uniforms and others wore street clothes. Opening the door bigger, I bravely stepped out into the light, with my sisters taking the rear. Hearing our entrance, three figures with SWAT on their vests, drew their gun. Police, the one in the middle yelled. Put your hands up in the air and get down on the floor. Those same words they had echoed to my mom. Getting down on the floor, with my hands on my head, I heard footsteps going into our room. Watching through the corner of my right eye, I saw four legs go inside. Lights were being turned on, beds were overturned, and windows were opened. Someone raised their right leg to kick the closet door opened, while another one, with his gun drawn, looked inside. Clear, they shouted from the room. Upon leaving our destroyed room, they told us to get up and walk into the living room in a single formed line. Sitting down and across from my mom, I looked about our home. There were about fifteen to went people inside and outside. I watched them talking amongst themselves. Some were in the kitchen, discussing who knew what, and others were outside. But they were all alert, ready for anything and everything. One of the officers walked up to us. He asked my mom where my dad is. Sleeping, she replied. Point to the room, he said. My mom pointed to the last room on the right. My mom then told Jessica to tell him there were kids sleeping in the room. My mom said there are kids sleeping in the room, she translated. He nodded then left. Seconds later, my dad came out of the room with his hand behind his back. He was awake, the officer said to another. Seating my dad next to my mom, he went outside, while another talked to my dad. Tuning them out, I watched my surrounding again. A couple of officers opened kitchen drawers and cabinets to see whats inside. Someone went into the bathroom to check it out again. Another looked in the garage. Most of the ones outside looked about the yard and kept the neighbors at bay, while some pretended to be busy. I looked at the clock. In a bright red color, it changed from three twenty-five to three twenty-six and my brothers walked through the front door with their hands behind heir back Just as a cry wailed into the night. My strong and prideful mother wept in despair. My father, stoic and unbending, sat defeated. My sisters turned their head away in shame. I looked at my brothers and felt disappointment in them. They slipped into their room with the officers behind them. Minutes later, they came back out. My mom got up and started to ask my brothers what had happened, where had they been, and who had they been with, but was deterred when the officer blocked her. As my brothers left, my mother collapsed onto the floor and cried. We tried to comfort her as best however we knew we couldnt. Before the last of the officers left, one came up to us to tell us what had happened. We all sat in shock as we listened to what was being explained. My oldest brother was being charged with voluntary manslaughter and my other brother to be taken in as witness. Done with delivering his news, he left, quietly closing the door. Locking up the house, my sisters and I surround our parents and cried. We cried for loss of innocence, for our now broken home, and for our brothers. We knew we could never get back those days of happiness. We could only move on from this point and learn that with every action

Amy Beach (Mrs. H. H. A. Beach)

Amy Beach (Mrs. H. H. A. Beach) Amy Beach Facts Known for: classical composer, whose success was unusual for her sex, one of few American composers recognized internationally at the timeOccupation: pianist, composerDates: September 5, 1867 - December 27, 1944Also known as: Amy Marcy Cheney, Amy Marcy Cheney Beach, Amy Cheney Beach, Mrs. H. H. A. Beach Amy Beach Biography: Amy Cheney began to sing at the age of two and play piano at the age of four. She began her formal study of piano at age six, taught first by her mother. When she performed in her first public recital at age seven, she included some pieces of her own composition. Her parents had her study music in Boston, although it was more common for musicians of her talent to study in Europe. She attended a private school in Boston and studied with musical teachers and coaches Ernst Perabo, Junius Hill and Carl Baermann. At the age of sixteen, Amy Cheney had her professional debut, and in March, 1885, appeared with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, performing Chopins F minor concerto. In December of 1885, when she was eighteen, Amy married a much-older man. Dr. Henry Harris Aubrey Beach was a surgeon in Boston who was also an amateur musician. Amy Beach used the professional name Mrs. H. H. A. Beach from that time on, though more recently, she has been credited as Amy Beach or Amy Cheney Beach. Dr. Beach encouraged his wife to compose and publish her compositions, rather than perform publicly, after their marriage, bowing to a Victorian custom of wives avoiding the public sphere. Her Mass was performed by the Boston Symphony in 1892. She had achieved enough recognition to be asked to compose a choral piece for the 1893 Worlds Fair in Chicago. Her Gaelic Symphony, based on folk tunes of Ireland, by that same orchestra in 1896. She composed a piano concerto, and in a rare public appearance, soloed with the Boston Symphony in April of 1900 to debut that piece. A 1904 work, Variations on Balkan Themes, also used folk tunes as inspiration. In 1910, Dr. Beach died; the marriage had been happy but childless. Amy Beach continued composing and returned to performing. She toured Europe, playing her own compositions. Europeans were not used to either American composers or female composers meeting their high standards for classical music, and she gained considerable attention for her work there. Amy Beach began using that name when in Europe, but returned to using Mrs. H. H. A. Beach when she discovered that she already had some recognition for her compositions published under that name. She was once asked in Europe, when still using the name Amy Beach, whether she was the daughter of Mrs. H. H. A. Beach. When Amy Beach returned to America in 1914, she lived in New York and continued composing and performing. She played at two other Worlds Fairs: in 1915 in San Francisco and in 1939 in New York. She performed at the White House for Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. The womens suffrage movement used her career as an example of a womans success. That it was unusual for a woman to achieve her level of recognition is reflected in the comment by George Witefield Chadwick, another Boston composer, who called her one of the boys for her excellence. Her style, influenced by the New England composers and romantics, and influenced by the American Transcendentalists, was considered during her own lifetime to be somewhat out of date. In the 1970s, with the rise of feminism and attention to womens history, Amy Beachs music was rediscovered and performed more often than it had been. No known recordings of her own performances exist. Key Works Amy Beach wrote more than 150 works, and published almost all of those. These are some of the best-known: 1889: Valse-Caprice1892: Fireflies1892: Mass in E-flat major1892: aria Eilende Wolken1893: Festival Jubilate1893: Ecstasy1894: Ballad1896: Gaelic Symphony1900: Three Browning Songs1903: June1904: Shena Van1907: The Chambered Nautilus1915: Panama Hymn1922: The Hermit Thrush at Eve and The Hermit Thrush at Morn1928: The Canticle of the Sun

Edgar Degas' Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Edgar Degas' Biography - Essay Example According to the research "Edgar Degas' Biography" findings at the young age of twenty, he decided that art was the field for him and urged his father to let him try. Before entering the famous Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he took lessons from an unknown artist of his time Louis Lamothe, who himself had learned from Ingres. This association was more than enough for Degas who had nourished a lifelong fascination with Ingres’ work and admired the artist immensely. Luckily for him, he also managed to meet Ingres himself whom he considered a master in Arts. Ingres gave him a good piece of advice that Degas fondly recalled many years later. He told him to: "Draw lines, young man, and still more lines, both from the life and from memory." Degas never forgot this advice and kept it close to his hear throughout his career. In 1856 Degas went to Italy to reconnect with his Italian relatives and stayed for extended the time in both Rome and Florence. At that time, it was considered important for every serious student of art to visit Italy at least once. For Degas, there was more than one reason to see Italy since it is where his relatives lived and this is where art is present in all its historical glory. Once he returned to Paris, he made Paris his home for the rest of his life with an occasional trip here and there. Upon Degas’ return to Paris in 1960, the artist was still very young and had been deeply under the influence of the Old Masters. This classical training was the norm in his time and he drew many copies of the paintings by the Masters.

Regional and land planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Regional and land planning - Essay Example Specifically, the problem of accommodating the skateboarders of LOVE Plaza has been contentious. A partial plan has been underway to provide solution for the perceived planning problem. And it cannot be determined whether the problem should be focused on community cohesion, aesthetic, practicality and economy, heritage, safety, or even inclusion. It should be noted that the problem about inclusion of perceived community â€Å"nuisance† in the planning scheme has been a challenge not only for planners but also for policy-makers and the residents. However, their part in the history and narrative of places cannot be easily dismissed. The author has noted the importance attached by skateboarders in LOVE Plaza within the discussed area and will argue the need to reconsider their petition to provide them a fair space within the public realm. You are to prepare an article for a town planning journal to test your capacity for research and original thinking. The topic of your article s hould be a fairly recent or current town planning issue facing a local government authority and/or a local community, preferably be one that is being debated in the community and in the media. It has to be an issue to do with a type of development that falls under the jurisdiction of a local government authority (i.e. is assessed by a LGA). The article should achieve the following: Define the town planning issue. The town planning issue is the renovation of the Dilworth, JFK, and Municipal Services Plazas in Philadelphia focused on the re-accommodation of skateboarders at LOVE Plaza. The area has been for quite a while an issue when the original structures started to be seen as failed spaces. It had too many of the same thing in one place, and previously a â€Å"grand scheme to create a downtown of the future, with offices and retail integrated into the underground transit system,† (Saffron, 2011, P 7). It was conceived by planner Edmund Bacon who was described as legendary, and executed by Vincent Kling's firm based on Rome's Piazza Navona (Saffron, 2011). Renovation is a contentious word for planners and designers not only due to sentimental or heritage and aesthetic reasons but also economic (Needleham, 1968; Sigsworth and Wilkinson, 1969). There are a lot of various considerations for renovation, regenerations or redesign foremost of which is its financial and economic implication not only to the governing body but also to the rest of the stakeholders that include residents, and even non-residents for that matter. Certain balance is needed to be achieved in all processes of renovation so that there is double if not triple care taken by planners, designers and authorities in order to meet all criteria and expectations that the changes would achieve. The plazas were arranged to set off views of new towers, viewed as timely in the 1960s, complementing the modernist campanile Kling that housed the city services. It was envisioned as a â€Å"great place s for downtown workers to lunch alfresco,† (Saffron, 2011, P7) but had claustrophobic high walls, inaccessible and yet had multiple staircases. The area also became a turn-off because maintenance had been neglected and due to lack of public interest, it was claimed by the skateboarders in the 1990s (Saffron, 2011). The area had been evaluated to be